Oncolytic Virotherapy Treatment of Breast Cancer: Barriers and Recent Advances

Oncolytic virotherapy (OV) is an emerging class of immunotherapeutic drugs. Their mechanism action two-fold: direct cell lysis and unmasking the cancer through immunogenic death, which allows immune system to recognize eradicate tumours. Breast most common in women challenging treat with immunotherapy modalities because it classically immunogenically “cold” tumour type. This provides attractive niche for OV, given viruses have been shown turn tumours “hot,” thereby opening a plethora treatment opportunities. There has number pre-clinical attempts explore use OV breast cancer; however, these not led any meaningful clinical trials. review considers both potential barriers cancer, namely, limitations monotherapy scope combination therapy, improving viral delivery challenges specific population (e.g., subtype, menopausal status, age).